Malangizo a pachiwopsezo cha zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali:
Monga gulu lodziwika bwino la zoseweretsa, zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa ana. Chitetezo ndi mtundu wa zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali zitha kunenedwa kuti zimakhudza mwachindunji thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Milandu yambiri yovulala chifukwa cha zoseweretsa padziko lonse lapansi ikuwonetsanso kuti chitetezo cha zidole ndichofunika kwambiri. Choncho, mayiko osiyanasiyana amaona kufunika kwa zoseweretsa zofunika kwambiri.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabizinesi akhala akukumbukira zoseweretsa zosayenerera, kupangitsa chitetezo cha zidole kukhalanso chidwi cha anthu. Maiko ambiri omwe amatumiza zoseweretsa asinthanso zofunika pachitetezo cha zidole ndi mtundu wake, ndikukhazikitsa kapena kuwongolera malamulo ndi miyezo pachitetezo cha zidole.
Monga tonse tikudziwira, China ndiye wopanga zidole wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso wogulitsa zidole wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi 70% ya zoseweretsa padziko lapansi zimachokera ku China. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zotchinga zaukadaulo zakunja motsutsana ndi zinthu za ana aku China zakula kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi aku China otumiza zidole akumane ndi zovuta komanso zovuta.
Kupanga zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali kumadziwika ndi kupanga kwamanja kwanthawi yayitali komanso kutsika kwaukadaulo, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zina. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina, zoseweretsa zaku China zikakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachitetezo komanso zabwino, zambiri mwazoseweretsazi ndi zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo kapena kuopsa kwa zinthu zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali nthawi zambiri zimachokera kuzinthu izi:
① Chiwopsezo chachitetezo chamakina osayenerera.
② Chiwopsezo cha thanzi ndi chitetezo kusagwirizana.
③ Kuopsa kosagwirizana ndi zofunikira zachitetezo chamankhwala.
Zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira n’zosavuta kuti timvetsetse. Opanga zidole zathu zamtengo wapatali, makamaka mabizinesi otumiza kunja, ayenera kuwongolera chitetezo cha makina opanga, chilengedwe ndi zida zopangira panthawi yopanga.
Potengera Ndime 3, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zofunikira zamayiko osiyanasiyana pachitetezo chamankhwala pazochita zoseweretsa zakhala zikukwezedwa nthawi zonse. United States ndi European Union ndi misika ikuluikulu iwiri yotumizira zidole ku China, zomwe zimapitilira 70% yazinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja chaka chilichonse. Kulengezedwa kotsatizana kwa "US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act" HR4040: 2008 ndi "EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC" kwakweza mpata wotumiza zidole ku China chaka ndi chaka, Pakati pawo, EU Toy Safety Directive 2009. / 48 / EC, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndiyovuta kwambiri m'mbiri, idagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pa July 20, 2013. Kusintha kwa zaka 4 kwa zofunikira za chitetezo cha mankhwala za Directive zadutsa. Chiwerengero cha mankhwala oopsa komanso owopsa omwe amaletsedwa mwatsatanetsatane komanso oletsedwa ndi zofunikira zachitetezo cha mankhwala omwe adakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu Directive chakwera kuchoka pa 8 mpaka 85, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma nitrosamines opitilira 300, ma carcinogens, mutagens, ndi chonde zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chonde. zoletsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba.
Chifukwa chake, mbali ya IP iyeneranso kukhala yochenjera komanso yokhazikika popereka zilolezo za zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali, ndikumvetsetsa bwino komanso kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe opanga zilolezo ali nazo.
07. Momwe mungaweruzire ubwino wa zinthu zamtengo wapatali
① Yang'anani maso a zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali
Maso a zidole zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zamatsenga kwambiri. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maso a krustalo apamwamba, ambiri mwa masowa ndi owala komanso akuya, ndipo timatha kuwayang'ana.
Koma maso a zoseŵeretsa zonyozekazo nthawi zambiri amakhala aukala, ndipo palinso zoseweretsa.
M'maso mwanu muli thovu.
② Imvani chodzaza chamkati
Zoseweretsa zapamwamba zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimadzazidwa ndi thonje lapamwamba la PP, lomwe silimangomveka bwino komanso limabwereranso mwachangu. Titha kuyesa kufinya zoseweretsa zapamwamba. Zoseweretsa zabwino zimabwereranso mwachangu, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimapunduka pambuyo pobwerera.
Ndipo zoseweretsa zotsika kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zojambulira zowoneka bwino, ndipo liwiro lobweza limakhala lapang'onopang'ono, zomwenso ndi zoyipa kwambiri.
③ Imvani mawonekedwe a zoseweretsa zapamwamba
Mafakitole otsogola otsogola adzakhala ndi opanga zawozawo zoseweretsa. Kaya akujambula zidole kapena kusintha zidole, okonzawa apanga zidole motsatira chitsanzo chake kuti zigwirizane ndi zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali. Zonse zotetezedwa ndi zokongola zidzakhala ndi makhalidwe ena. Tikawona kuti zoseweretsa zapamwamba zomwe zili m'manja mwathu ndi zokongola komanso zodzaza ndi mapangidwe, chidolechi chimakhala chapamwamba kwambiri.
Zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali zotsika nthawi zambiri zimakhala timagulu tating'onoting'ono. Alibe akatswiri opanga ndipo amatha kungotengera mapangidwe a mafakitale ena akuluakulu, koma kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa sikuli kwakukulu. Chidole chamtunduwu sichimangowoneka chosasangalatsa, komanso chachilendo! Chifukwa chake titha kuweruza mtundu wa chidolechi pongomva mawonekedwe a chidole chamtengo wapatali!
④ Gwirani nsalu yonyezimira
Mafakitole aukadaulo aukadaulo amawongolera mosamalitsa zida zakunja za zoseweretsa. Zidazi sizofewa komanso zomasuka, komanso zowala komanso zowala. Titha kungogwira zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatalizi kuti timve ngati nsaluyo ndi yofewa komanso yosalala, yopanda mfundo ndi zinthu zina zosafunikira.
Nsalu zosaoneka bwino nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zidole zamtengo wapatali. Nsalu zimenezi zimawoneka ngati nsalu wamba kuchokera patali, koma zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mtundu wa nsalu zotsikazi sizidzakhala zowala kwambiri, ndipo pakhoza kukhala kusinthika, ndi zina zotero. Tiyenera kumvetsera zoseweretsa zamtundu uwu!
Awa ndi maupangiri odziwika bwino ozindikirira mitundu inayi ya zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali. Kuonjezera apo, tikhoza kuwazindikiranso mwa kununkhiza fungo, kuyang'ana pamwamba pa chizindikiro ndi njira zina.
08. Nkhani zofunika kuziganizira za omwe ali ndi ziphaso zoseweretsa zapamwamba zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi mbali ya IP:
Monga mbali ya IP, kaya ndi makonda kapena kugwirizana ndi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo, ndikofunikira kulabadira kuyenerera kwa fakitale ya toy toy poyamba. Tiyenera kulabadira kupanga sikelo wopanga ndi zinthu zida. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, luso la kupanga chidole ndi mphamvu zake ndizofunikanso pa zosankha zathu.
Fakitale yokhwima yachidole yokhala ndi malo ochezera pafupipafupi; Ntchito yosoka; Kumaliza msonkhano, malo opangira zokongoletsera; Malo otsuka thonje, malo opangira zinthu, malo oyendera, malo opangira mapangidwe, malo opangira zinthu, malo osungira, malo osungira zinthu ndi mabungwe ena athunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyang'anira kwabwino kwazinthu kuyenera kutsata miyezo yapamwamba osati yotsika kuposa ya European Union, ndipo ndikwabwino kukhala ndi ziphaso zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapakhomo monga ICTI, ISO, UKAS, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, tiyenera kulabadiranso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidole zosinthidwa makonda. Izi zili ndi ubale wofunikira kwambiri ndi chiyeneretso cha fakitale. Kuti mtengo ukhale wotsika, mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosayenera, ndipo mkati mwake ndi "thonje wakuda" wokhala ndi zotsatira zopanda malire. Mtengo wa zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali zopangidwa motere ndi wotchipa, koma zilibe phindu!
Choncho, posankha opanga zidole zamtengo wapatali kuti agwirizane, tiyenera kuganizira za chiyeneretso ndi mphamvu ya fakitale, m'malo moganizira za ubwino waposachedwa.
Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndikugawana zoseweretsa zamtengo wapatali, ngati mukufuna, chonde titumizireni!
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-07-2023